Addressing Passive Smoking in Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Addressing Passive Smoking in Children - Essay Example According to the article, PS exposure in children is one of the contributing factors for morbidity and mortality. The article is also associated majority of the disabilities in children with lower respiratory infections that are caused by PS exposure. The health effects of PS in children included a high risk of respiratory infections, asthma as well as wheezing. According to the article, PS exposure in children is very high in Dutch, and it mainly takes place at homes. The statistics provided by the authors of the article showed that children below the age of 4 are the main victims of PS exposure (Hutchinson, Kuijilaars, Mesters, Muris, Schayk, Dompeling, & Feron, 2014). The aim of Hutchinson and his colleagues writing this article was to assess the practices of three Dutch health professions concerning parental counseling for PS in children. They used electronic questionnaires in conducting their cross-sectional study. The samples for the study that constituted of 720 physicians were selected from three Dutch health professions located in Limburg, the Netherlands. This was achieved by inviting the physicians’ representatives to complete self-administered electronic questionnaires that had questions on their gender, work experience, and personal smoking habits (Hutchinson et al., 2014). Other issues that were addressed in the questionnaires included their counseling practices as well as education about PS in children.

The Gifts of Investigation Essay Example for Free

The Gifts of Investigation Essay Throughout history there have been various rumors that King Richard III murdered his two nephews known as the princes of the tower. When Detective Alan Grant received a portrait of Richard Plantagenet, his desire to solve the mystery was peaked. As Grant investigates the allegations against Plantagenet, an abundance of information was recovered. Alan Grant’s ability to make wise selections, view a variety of perspectives, and thoroughly analyze the information allowed him to solve the mystery. Alan Grant discovers and receives a plethora of information during his investigation. He begins his investigation by requesting information from everyone that he came in contact with about the princes of the tower and King Richard III. Grant was informed several times that the princes were smothered with a pillow. During his search, he receives information from several resources such as textbooks from the â€Å"Amazon† and historical accounts, he noticed many inconsistencies. For example, he learned that More was only five years when Richard III ascended to the throne and eight years old when Richard III died, therefore his historical account had to be hearsay information. However, Grant regarded information by Miss Ellis and evidence that was corroborated by several witnesses. As Grant reviewed the perspectives of his sources, he came to notice that the bias of the source deeply affected the information. Detective Alan Grant’s ability to determine which information was reliable and unreliable aided him in the process of solving this mystery. While Grant reviews his sources’ accounts, he was able to see through their eyes. In this novel, Alan Grant views the perspectives of Cicely Neville, Richard III, and King Henry VII. As Grant reads the account of Cicely, he learns more about Richard’s personality. The detective learned that â€Å"In Richard’s hero-worshipping eyes, everything Edward did had always been right† (60) and Richard deeply cherished his brother. As Carradine and Grant read King Richard III’s letter, it became apparent that Richard’s â€Å"instinct to see a friend happy was apparently greater than his instinct for revenge† (129). They also discovered that Richard was personally bound by his loyalty (97). Grant’s view of his sources’ perspectives allowed him to gain more  information about Richard’s personality and behavior. In the beginning of the Daughter of Time, Detective Grant receives a portrait of King Richard III. As he analyzed the portrait, he believed that Richard dealt with deep sorrow and lacked suppressed hatred. With Grant’s new found discovery, he disregards information that said that greed and jealousy hardened Richard III’s heart. With that being said, Alan Grant began looking at suspects who had much to gain by the death of the princes. Henry VII brought a bill of attainder before Parliament which accused King Richard III of tyranny and cruelty but failed to mention the murder thereby leading Grant to believe that the princes were not dead at that point in time. As Grant and Carradine thoroughly researched King Henry VII’s actions during his reign, many peculiarities were recovered. Within eighteen months of Henry’s ascension to the throne, he sent his wife, Elizabeth to a convent and attempted to repeal the Titulus Regius which made Elizabeth a legitimate prospect as Edward IV’s daughter and heir apparent. Grant and Carradine began following Henry’s trail of destruction and noticed that Tyrrel received a castle for services rendered and given two pardons within one month. This made Tyrrel a prime suspect of the murder of the princes ordered by Henry VII. As Grant and Carradine continued to analyze the collected information, the facts and events began to fall in place. Alan Grant possessed a unique ability to disregard unreliable information and to thoroughly analyze data led him to accurately deduce the culprit’s identity. By studying the characteristics of King Richard III through other’s perspectives, Grant was able to eliminated Richard as a suspect because of his lack of motive. However, Grant noticed the peculiar actions of King Henry VII during his reign that him to discover that Tyrrell was ordered to murder the princes by Henry. A thorough analysis of the information collected and the bias of the historical accounts were the key this successful investigation. Works Cited Tey, Josephine. The Daughter of Time. New York City: Simon Schuster New York, 1995. Print.

Classification of Outsourcing

Classification of Outsourcing Outsourcing can be classified as moving all or part of an organizations activity to a third party business. The activity could be in the form of producing a good or the performance of a service. In some type of industries, outsourcing may well be the only feasible business model, either for all businesses or for a subgroup of businesses. The general example is newspapers outsourcing their news gathering service (especially, collecting information in other countries) to Third party service providers such as Reuters and the Associated Press. (Varadarajan, R. 2009) Outsourcing is one of the measures a company takes to cut costs by moving their jobs to an outside vendor on an ongoing basis. The organisation was providing these services internally before outsourcing them to the third party vendor. A company that effectively engages in cost cutting would be in a better position in the market. Companies with low cost leadership are able to gain the potential market share. (Oza, A., and K. H ill. 2007) Outsourcing is a trend that will carry on over a period time. Cost reduction cannot be the only motivation for outsourcing since cost reductions is only possible in specific conditions, e.g. the third party provider is be able to achieve economies of scale that the outsourcer does not. Business do not simply indulge in the process of outsourcing to perform the same task at lower cost, as this could be achieved through reorganising internal activities.(Quà ©lin, B. Duhamel, F. 2003) Businesses have hired vendors for particular jobs or to level off peaks and troughs in their workloads for years. In the recent years outsourcing has been employed with great success by companies such as General Electric and Procter Gamble. Even though in general most companies would indulge in outsourcing to either cut costs or reduce the head count, today the drivers are more strategic and it focuses on keeping value-added activities in house where an organization can better utilize its own core competencies. Many companies are discovering that outsourcing is about corporate growth, making better use of skilled staff and even job creation, not just cheap wages abroad. (Brent, P. 2009) Based on the above arguments there are two types criteria that a company would bear in mind before making any decisions on outsourcing. The first is known as tactical outsourcing wherein the decision is often taken based on cost with no consideration to other benefits or risks associated with that decision. The second is strategic outsourcing where other aspects are taken into consideration. These include quality improvements and unavailability of resources. (Espino-Rodrà ­guez, T.F. Padrà ³n-Robaina, V. 2004). There are also some possible disadvantages of outsourcing if not done correctly. Outsourcing has to be done for the right reasons as mentioned above. The company has to carefully assess the possible benefits which could be in the form of cost reduction or increased customer satisfaction before making any decisions on outsourcing. Some of the other possible disadvantages could be losing staffs that have been trained in the process that may be outsourced or failure to meet th e desired criterion as agreed by the third party vendor. (Jones 1997) It is true that there some disadvantages associated with the process of outsourcing but a carefully crafted rational decision based on logical thoughts would help companies to get the extra bit of competitive advantage through lower cost disciplines, at the same time improving their quality of service and product delivery capability (Domberger, 1998). Globalization is the key word and today companies compete in the global market and not in regional or national market. The new developments in information and technology means that production processes could be separated in and place. Also customers have a wide range of products to choose from and this in turn would reduce customer loyalty. All this adds to complexity and one response to above changing needs is outsourcing. (Pedersen, H.S. Jenster, P.V. 2000). Outsourcing was first observed in the manufacturing industry, and China was the front runner in terms of attracting jobs and foreign investment. In this phase of outsourcing, it was noticed that organisation in order to take the advantage of cheap labour would set up its manufacturing plant in the Far East or Mexico. As outsourcing become more widespread, more and more functions were capable of being outsourced. The biggest upsurge in outsourcing was observed when service activities were outsourced. What began as a process for cutting costs has evolved into a means of growing a companys business value. Transferring non-core company processes off to experts not only helps in delivering increased efficiencies, it delivers the potential for enhanced performance. The important thing is to combine the right people, processes, and technologies to gain maximum efficiency and achieve competitive advantage. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007) International Data Corporation (IDC) has done some analysis of the top outsourcing deals in the current years and the data reveals contract expenditures of almost U.S. $56 billion. The scale of outsourcing has reached astonishing proportions, as seen in the case of Fiats U.S. $7 billion deal and NTLs U.S. $2 billion deal with IBMs Global Services. (Kakabadse, A. Kakabadse, N. 2005) Outsourcing worldwide has now topped US $ 1 trillion per annum. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007) In the service industry, outsourcing was initially restricted to basic support activities but recently outsourcing has entered all non-core service functions. In 1997, 34% of enterprises. Outsourced all or part of their information technology (IT) and this proportion is expected to increase to 58 % by the year 2010. Similar increases are expected for activities such as telecommunication, accounting and human resources. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007) Outsourcing has evolved in the past few years and a new industry called Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has come to age. It is expected to be â€Å"the next big wave† in information technology services. Business process outsourcing is a more specialised form of outsourcing in which an entire business process, such as accounting, procurement or human resources, is handed to a third party vendor(RAMMOHAN RAO. 2004). According to Gartner Group, which is one of the top IT consulting firms, a BPO can be defined as delegating one or more business processes to an third party provider which in turn owns, facilitates and manages the particular process based on a clear and measurable performance criteria. As per a study done by International data corporation the BPO market is expected to reach 1 .2 trillion in the coming years. In terms of market share the United States leads the BPO market followed by Europe and the Asia pacific region. (Yang et al 2007). Call centres constitute the biggest part of this BPO market. (RAMMOHAN RAO. 2004) â€Å"Call centres are defined by Richardson and Gillespie (2003, pp. 88-89) as having three distinct characteristics: 1. workers are employed in specialist activities which put together telecommunications and information systems technologies; 2. Their work is administered by automated technology which virtually simultaneously distributes work, manages the speed of that work and monitors their performance; and 3. Workers are directly interacting with the customer either through in-bound calls, making out-bound calls or a combination of the two.† The National Association of Call Centres, a non-profit organization serving the call centre industry, categories different sectors in the call centre industry. These are: 1. financial services/banking/insurance; 2. telecommunications; 3. medical services 4. government 5. directory services/job placement (Jobs et al. 2007) According to industry estimates, there were over 300,000 call centres worldwide at the end of 2002, employing around 18m people. (RAMMOHAN RAO. 2004) Call centres can in the form of contact centres which are part of the company (‘‘inhouse call centres) or Third party call centres (‘‘service bureaux) which interacts with customers on behalf of several companies. Basically, with the help of call centres companies try to provide an extended form of customer service, and try to ensure their clients satisfaction and commitment (Zapf et al 2003). Employees in call centres are not just taking out-bound and in-bound calls, but they would also interact with customers through e-mails and online chat as well. With the advent of technology customers are increasingly using email to correspond and there are incentives to do so since there is no charge for postage and emails can be easily stored. The advancement in IT systems enables a customer service agent to interact with customers through voice and email and service both at the same time. Online chat is a real time text conversation between agent the customer. E-mail and chat service may be used by clients who cannot use a traditional telephone due to disability. (Irish 2000) Outsourcing in financial service industry Financial Services Industry at the Forefront The financial industry is not new to idea of outsourcing, and its use, prompted by need to lower cost and the need to focus on core business area, is increasing sharply. As per a report, 15% of the financial services sector in the US, which is approximately about $356bn, would be outsourced in the next few years. The growth in this sector would help in reducing cost for certain services provided by the financial institution and at the same time would help in increasing efficiency. (Singh, D. 2005). A study conducted of 31 European banks reported that the majority intended to increase their level of outsourcing, particularly of BPO. Banks that already opted for BPO had a strong focus on efficiency while mostly ignoring the impact of BPO on the effectiveness of business processes (Gewald, H. Dibbern, J. 2009). There has been a growth of 15% to 20% in revenues from outsourcing activities in the financial institution. Even very large Financial Institution that have stayed away from outs ourcing activities are now moving towards it for greater efficiency. According to estimates nearly half of all financial institutions have outsourced at least a part of their services functions. (Lowell, M. 1992.) They are now concentrating on core competencies (activities or services which provide a strategic advantage or competitive edge) and outsourcing other activities to the best or most efficient provider of a product or service. To be sure, adopting an outsourcing approach impacts an organization dramatically. Prior to analyzing this impact, it is important to understand the trends within outsourcing. (Siemers, R. 19 95). The financial services industry was among the first industries to adopt large campus-style call centres. Customers needing information about their bank account or information on their credit card balance are likely to get an odd look if they call into a branch and ask for help instead of picking up a phone and getting in touch with their banks call centre. Just as banks and insurance firms were quick to see the potential for saving money by consolidating branch office functions in a central call centre, they have also been the first to look further afield in an effort to cut costs. (www.callcenteroutboundcalls.com) Most companies in the financial services industry started their own call centre known as captive call centres. Captive call centres require huge capital investment and at the same time cost involved in running the centre is very high. In captive call centres all the capital expenses such as infrastructure development are borne by the parent company, third-party call center services outsourcing firms do not require businesses to do so. Third-party call center services outsourcing firms, especially those that have been operational for more than five years, have their own infrastructure, systems, and equipment and they do not charge businesses for these. So, choosing a third-party call center service would help the parent company to save plenty in terms of capital investments. (Figgat, D. Dove, M. 2008) Third-party vendors are usually preferred over captive outfits because of substantially lower costs, flexibility and the ability to enforce price and quality competition. (www.infotech.indiatimes.com) Banks and financial institutions depend upon telephone call centers to meet the needs of a changing and ever more demanding consumer for 24/7 access. Call centers serve as a source of service recovery, added value, market intelligence, and strategic advantage. (Feinberg et al 2002) The call centre industry is a very big industry and there are a lot of companies that handle projects for majority of the banks and financial institution. These companies have to make distinct marketing strategies so that they could approach banks and financial institution for outsourcing. Through this project we are trying to identify what strategies a call centre needs to have in place if they are to receive projects from banks and financial institution. GEM is a call centre based in Belfast and this project would help in developing a marketing fit for GEM position it as a key customer contact service provider for the UK financial market. Information about Gem It is one of the leading providers of outsourced customer service via email, telephone, sms and live chat and in Europe and they operate in 29 different languages. It is considered to be one of the primary developers of best practices in contact centres in U.K. Gem was originally designed to provide services for outsourced email handling and was essentially an email ‘call centre. Since then, the company has extended its range of activities and now provides services which include customer care, technical support and sales to back office processing. In addition to providing different kinds of services in multiple languages, gem captures important customer and staff feedback and uses this unique information to consult on enhancing a clients brand. Exports account for 98% of gems business, which includes 38% to the US, 38% to the UK and 15% to mainland Europe. Gems has a wide range of client base from media, e-commerce, travel, hi-tech and government sectors. Current customers include Cisco Systems, King.com, Match.com, Microsoft, Play.com and Channel 4 television. In terms of certification Gem was accredited with ISO 9001:2000 in October 2006.Since the company has been operating its business with such high values and they are also one of the major players in the BPO industry in U.K. they have received some industry awards to name a few. 1) Belfast Business Top 50, Belfast Media Group 2) Gold Award Winner for Best Online Customer Service Team (Figleaves), People in Retail Awards 3) Gold Award Winner for best UK Call Centre Manager of the Year Awards, Call Centre Management Association (www.the-gem.com) To segment, identify and profile the key players in the financial market within United Kingdom. U.K has one of the most varied and competitive financial services sectors in the world with both specialist and non-bank providers offering services such as credit cards, insurance and loans. (Farquhar, J. Panther, T. 2008). The financial services industry is going through a massive change and is fast becoming highly competitive. Traditional players are offering new services to protect their client base and at the same time are competing with new players for a share in the financial services market. The industry in particular is going through a change and new tools, techniques and services have been developed which were traditionally offered via bricks and mortar channels (Boyes, G. Stone, M. 2003). The major banks have undergone a considerable degree of consolidation, and supermarkets such as Tesco and Sainsburys, as well as online banks have entered the market for financial services. Some building societies have become banks. Some banks have taken over building societies, insuran ce companies and indeed other banks. The type of services has expanded into credit cards, mortgage lending, insurance, and so on.The banking services industry could be divided into four distinct groups: traditional high street banks and former building societies, online banks, credit card companies, and retailers providing financial services. (www.capco.com) In the UK, High street banks traditionally enjoyed a dominant retail market presence because of their tight control over the payments system. The huge branch system coupled with less use of technology meant that major high street banks like Royal bank of Scotland, Barclays bank, Lloyds banking group, HSBC bank, standard chartered and building societies like Nationwide enjoyed a dominance in the UK financial services industry.(Consoli, D. 2005) But with the recent crisis in the U.K. banking industry, with the examples of northern rock and RBS there is a lot of distrust among the general public. (Butler, S. 2009). At the same time, high street banks have come under lot of pressure from new entrants to the financial services sector such as Prudential (Egg), Virgin, MBNA and CapitalOne and supermarket chains like Tesco and Sainsbury (Harden, G. 2002). New entrants who have entered the financial services industry have gained a competitive advantage through the use of technology. New entrants have information from the customers of their traditional activity, and with CRM they can integrate their information sources and exploit aggregated data on the clientele. It could be argued that access to such high level consumer information should enable banks and other financial institution to give a more personalised and more efficient service. For consumers, the high personal convenience that a bank offers higher would be the possibility of a closer bank customer relationship and enhanced customer satisfaction (Harden, G. 2002). In recent years new entrants into retail banking sector like supermarket banks and online banks have threatened the dominance of major players. (Essvale Corporation Limited). Supermarket banks The reasons why these companies wish to start up in banking are diversification of their business, looking for new sources in order to increase their profitability and a desire to offer a complete service to their customers with the expansion of their current financial services complementary to their main activity. In the UK, the main supermarkets, by means of alliances with banks, have created their own bank subsidiaries, which allow them to offer a whole range of financial products. Some of these are Tesco, Sainsbury and Marks and Spencer. (Gonzà ¡lez Guerrero 2004) Among the major supermarket brands eying this banking business, the most high-profile is undoubtedly the supermarket chain Tesco, which is already the countrys largest food retailer and has a longstanding personal finance arm that sells car, home and travel insurance, savings accounts and credit cards. It has also been running a pilot scheme providing banking sections inside five of its existing 2,200 supermarkets for the last few months, and plans to launch current accounts and mortgages over the next couple of years ((MarketWatch: Global Round-up).Tesco has been creating strategies to capitalise on customers disenchantment with traditional high street banks by aggressively launching new products to counter the ones offered by banks. U.K.s largest retail chain plans to open 30 branches which is likely to be branded Tesco Bank within existing supermarkets in the coming few months.(Bradshaw, T. 2009) Another leading supermarket chain, J Sainsbury, already has a Sainsburys Bank arm offering loans, credit cards, savings and insurance, while the pharmacy chain Boots has expressed interest in financial services. Like Tesco, Sainsbury sees a big opportunity in the financial services market. According to Darren Shapland, Finance director of Sainsbury, the supermarket chain is a challenger and not as big as some of the other financial service providers but the there is a huge potential since 1.8 million customers walk into their shops every week (Butler, S. 2009). The UKs leading bookseller, stationer and newsagent chain WHSmith, meanwhile, has Post Office branch facilities in 80 of its stores, with services that extend to savings accounts and foreign exchange. Another retailer Alliance Boots wants to get into the financial services industry and coincidently or not has hired former HBOS CEO as its new boss. But in the case of Boots they have no tradition of offering financial services products apart from travel insurance and it may them a few years before they could be regarded as force to reckon with. (Butler, S. 2009). At the other end of the spectrum are overseas interests that see an opportunity for a tightly focused banking operation in the UK, running a few branches and targeting a very specific market. The most high-profile among these is Vernon Hill, the US entrepreneur who founded Commerce Bancorp in 1973 and grew it into a business that he eventually sold to Toronto-Dominion for $8.5 billion in 2007. Hill has applied for a banking license with the countrys regulator, the FSA, and has gone public with plans to open the doors of an institution called Metro Bank (MarketWatch: Global Round-up) The highly competitive nature of the financial services market has resulted in new. Developments and banks are creating strategies to utilize alternative delivery channels. One of the delivery channels that have been in existence for some time now is electronic or online banking. Many of the financial institution in the UK have launched or developed transactional electronic banking services. Internet banking services were first introduced in the UK in the early 1980s with the Homelink service provided by the Nottingham Building Society and the Bank of Scotland. But this service was not very popular then and was discontinued after some time (Daniel, E. 1999). Since the rapid development in internet based services, Customers now are more prone to use this service it is possible for them to use banking services anytime and anywhere at their own convenience and with lower fees as compared to traditional banks. Internet banking has given rise to a relatively new concept called internet on ly banks where these organizations dont have a physical set up like traditional banks but provide all types of products and services through internet, Telephone and ATM machines. (Sayar Wolfe 2007). First Direct was not one of the first banks to launch internet only bank in the summer of 1997.Egg is still the most popular internet only bank with a market share of 5.9% in the online banking sector. Internet banks like Egg, Smile, Cahoot and First Direct have a simple banking principle keep costs low and undercut competition. Credit Cards Credit card helps the card holder to obtain credit from the card issuer and allows him to repay the debt over a flexible time period usually 90 days and user can even to add to the debt by paying a certain amount of interest; this is the so-called revolving credit facility. Majority of the banks in the UK provide credit card facilities. The other financial institutions which provide credit card facilities are monocline banks. Monocline banks are credit card issuers who focus on credit card as their main product lines. Companies such as MBNA, Capital One and Morgan Stanley and types of Monoline banks operating in UK (Worthington Edwards. 2000). The competition in the credit card market in UK has intensified in the last few years. The result of this has been the emergence of flexible credit cards. These types of credit cards allow users to select the features of their card which includes the colour of their card and the APR and they also have the option of changing the features based on their circumstances. Virgin and Cahoot are some of the card issuers who are offering such features. (M2 PRESSWIRE 2003.). U.K. is one of the largest users of credit card, with more than half in U.K. as compared to entire Europe and two thirds of total value transactions. (Irish News 2004). Other financial services Personal Loans are one of the other services provided by the financial industry. They help customers to borrow credit from banks and other financial institutions and they pay interest for using the credit over a period of time. Personal Loans are available either against collateral or in some cases with out collateral. Some of the major players in the Personal loan market in the U.K are Nationwide, Sainsbury, HSBC and Abbey (Santander). Insurance Insurance is a service where the insurer is covered for risks by paying a premium to the insuring company. The premium is either paid on a monthly, quarterly or yearly basis. Some of the major insurance companies in U.K are Norwich Union, Standard life and Legal and General. To identify what processes or departments in financial companies can be outsourced. The advent of technology has meant that customers have multiple sources to contact their service providers. The first service that was launched by banks was telephone banking wherein customers could contact their banks 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. Most banks started with their in house call centres called captive call centres to provide service to their customers. As discussed above due high fixed and operation maintaining a captive call centre is an expensive proposition. That is where third party call centres come into picture. The services that are offered in call centres are customer service where customers query about his bank accounts, credit cards, personal loans or mortgages are serviced. Marketing of banks products is another service that call centers provide. Popularly known as telemarketing, this service helps banks to make customers aware of different products and services they offer and also any discounts that they could be eligible for. Banks also face a lot of situation where customers have either used their accounts over the agreed overdraft limit or they havent paid their regular installments for their credit cards, personal loans or Mortgage loans. Most banks have a separate department to handle these type of situations which would help them to contact the customer for debt. recovery. These departments are known as collections teams, and would call customers to remind them that they have failed to make their regular installments. Online banking is another service that banks offer and as discussed above offers anytime banking to customers at the click of a button. Call centres provide customers service for online banking services as well so that if the custom ers face any issue while they are online they could be guided in the right direction. Chat service is another part of online banking, and even though most banks have not introduced it for customer service in bank accounts and they are used for mortgage servicing. All the banks do their best to satisfy customers either through good customer service or through different types of products, but inspite of this there a small number of customers who remain unsatisfied and these types of customers would like to express their dissatisfaction. Complaint handling teams would normally service these types of customers and they would thoroughly look at customers complaints and would try to resolve them with the business policies of the bank. Back office process like processing of bank accounts, personal loans and mortgages are some of the other services that call centres provide to financial institution. In case of insurance companies claims handling would be would be one of the services offered by Call centres. Some of the financial institutions that have indulged in outsourcing are HSBC, Abbey and few others banks. Most of these banks have outsourced their operations to offshore locations like India. A complete list is mentioned in Appendix 1.

Defending Prospero in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay -- Tempest essay

Defending Prospero in The Tempest      Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's The Tempest, the character of Prospero brings about a great deal of debate. Modern literary critics are quick to use him as a poster child for English colonial practice in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Many see him as person who desires complete control of everything around him from the fish-like monster Caliban to his spirit servant Ariel, even his own daughter Miranda. Others believe that Prospero's sole motive is revenge on his brother Antonio and those associated with the established power in Naples and Milan. Taken out of context, these are reasonable conclusions. However, in the development of the play, it is quite clear that these critics are incorrect. Shakespeare does not use Prospero as the symbol of European expansion westward and although Prospero is quite powerful, he is not a power hungry egomaniac. Instead, Prospero is the very figure of a noble father. He loves his daughter so much that he sacrifices everything to give her th e best opportunities for a good life. He is the slave of duty, working for the good of his people. His desire for revenge is also clearly not a motivation as he finds the strength to forgive his brother at the play's conclusion. Therefore it seems that Shakespeare's character is not being used to show the dark side of humanity, but rather the nobility of humanity and the model of a seventeenth century father.    When it comes to Miranda, Prospero can never do enough for her. Prospero's second lines states, "I have done nothing but in care of thee, of thee, my dear one, thee, my daughter" (Prospero, I, ii, 19-20). Although this line can be interpreted many ways, even as an outright lie, the assumption has to b... ...ritical Study. " 336-82. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991.    Curry, Walter C. "The Characters of Shakespeare's The Tempest," Early Early Modern Literary Studies. Vers. 5.1. May 1999.    Dzelzainis, Martin. "Shakespeare and Political Thought." A Companion to Shakespeare. Ed.   David Scott Kastan. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1999. 100-116.    Gervinus, G.G. "A review of The Tempest." Shakespeare Commentaries. (1877):787-800. Rpt.   Scott. 304-307.    Sacks, David Harris. "Political Culture." A Companion to Shakespeare. Ed. David Scott   Kastan. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1999. 100-116.    Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Ed. Rex Gibson. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995.    Snider, Denton J. "A review of The Tempest." The Shakespearian Drama a Commentary: The Comedies. (1890). Rpt. Scott. 320-324.   

Climate Change Effects On Water Resources Environmental Sciences Essay

The last two decennaries climate alteration is increasing due to the alteration of human activity such as autos, planes, mill and other beginnings we use that adds nursery gases to the ambiance. Because of these human causes the Earth is heating up. One consequence that clime alteration has is the consequence the alteration will hold upon human H2O fresh water resources. I believe that clime alteration will hold an consequence on human H2O resources because of the close connexions with the hydrological rhythm, the raising temperature will increase in inundations and drouths that will take to the demand on more freshwater resources. Climate alteration has close connexions with the hydrological rhythm. The hydrological rhythm is located in the Earths hydrosphere this is the country in around Earth which holds all the H2O. The H2O is moved around the Earths hydrosphere in a rhythm. The hydrological rhythm is moved in five different stairss – vaporization, precipitation, condensation, overflow, aggregation and infiltration. The as you can see in Figure 1 the hydrologival rhythm all starts of with vaporization this is the alteration of liquid H2O to H2O vapor. The following measure is condensation this is the procedure of altering H2O vapor, from a liquid and so to organize clouds as you can see from the clouds in figure 1. This procedure can be notice for illustration when you look out for dew on the land in the forenoon. As the clouds you see in the sky move around Earth distributing the H2O vapor from topographic point to topographic point. The clouds become over laden with wet so they have to let go of th e overladen wet. They release the wet by a procedure called by precipitation which is normally rain, hail or snow. Infiltration occurs they when all the precipitations lay on the land. If there is to much precipitation on the land this becomes overflow. Runoff stays on the Earth land and runs into watercourses, rivers, lakes and oceans. So when the precipitation run into the these watercourses, rivers, lakes and oceans this procedure is called aggregation. As infiltration, overflow and aggregation are being processed, the Sun is doing a the rhythm to return back to the begaining of the rhythm to the procedure called evaporation.Sunlight heats up the liquid in watercourses, rivers, lakes and oceans. The warm air rises upwards into the ambiance and becomes the vapor involved in condensation. Without this procedure life on Earth would be impossible. Fresh water that we use in or twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours lifes normally comes from Aquifer, Streams, Rivers, Lakes. Aquifer are constructed when stones of the upper portion of the Earth ‘s crust contain holes or pores. Thesiss holes are large or joined together so that H2O can flux through them easy. This is a portion of stone that is easy for H2O to go through through known as permeable. Streams normally get most of its H2O from overflow, rain and thaw snow. A watercourse is formed when the rain and runing snow met at the same topographic point and acquire into a line of channel. Streams usely flows into lakes, rivers, aquifer and seas. Rivers are a natural watercourse of fresh water resource. Water within the river is by and large collected from precipitation through surface overflow, groundwater recharge, springs and the release of stored H2O in ice and runing glaciers. Lakes are normally filled with deep fresh water or salt H2O. Lakes are inland usly on mountains countries and are non portion of the Ocean. They are filled by rivers or watercourses that connect to them. Some Lakes can be adult male made and are constructed for industrial or agricultural usage and even for hydro- electric power or domestic H2O supply. Water is one of the most importent inputs the human organic structure demands for us worlds to get by with mundane life. We need it for so many things e.g. wellness, turning nutrient, irrigation, industry. Despite the importance of Freshwater Resources decreasing, we are get downing to take the fresh water resources for granted. Most of the fresh water we use is wasted and polluted. Because the hydrological rhythm temperature is lifting it will take to a alteration in the horological rhythm, This will hold an impact on the conditions. The dry seasons will go alot more drier and the wet seasons will go alot more wetter. Leaving us with more inundations and drouths. This alteration will therefore will leave the handiness and quality of H2O. Some of the states on this Earth already hold a difficult enouch clip acquiring H2O because of increaseing industrial pollution and population growing. Climate alteration merely adds to the job to the quality of H2O, which in some parts of the universe the cut down rainfall and lifting temperatures decrease the fresh water. By the twelvemonth 2025 most of worlds populating in states with hapless H2O quality degrees will increase from about 34 per centum ( in 1995 ) to 63 percent.R K Pachauri ( 2005 ) The alteration in accessing H2O stressed countries will hold a possible struggle. As there will be a pressured demand on fresh water because of family, agricultural and industrial utilizations. These struggles will happen in H2O stressed countries contending against countries of natural springs and rivers every bit good as this it will take to conflict on boundary countries for illustration the part of Northern Kenya and the Samburu is holding to get by with the altering forms of rainfall and dry periods which with other force per unit areas on the natural resources are taking to increasing struggle among tribal groups over entree to scarce water.Smith ( 2006 ) 2 Discussion Most of the Earth has 70 % of ocean. While merely 30 % of the Earth is land. Around 84 % of the universes population is populating on dry land. Worlds are seeking to repair this by Reconstruction the hydrological rhythm system by constructing dikes and making waste H2O intervention workss etc. These elements will supply H2O for agribusiness, family, Industrial, environmental and other utilizations. But these alterations will besides take to some defects in old ages to come. India is one of the most effected by clime alteration. The snow ice caps of the Himalayas is sing less snow because of snow thaw. The glaciers is runing and there is marks of addition implosion therapy. The increasing rise temperatures is get downing to dry up the rivers. The Himalayas holds the largest sum ice on the Earth. Research workers have figure out that there is a strong combination between snow and the temperature. In recent old ages the Himalayas have experienced warm periods in the old ages between 1960- 1990, doing a decrease in snow autumn. Glaciers has been watched by research workers in the the past old ages. The United Nations clime study predicts by 2035 some Himalayan glaciers will vanish with the lifting temperatures. Because of the glaciers runing the thaw ice will run off into rivers such as the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers and some feeders coming from the Himalayan ice field. This will do deluging to riverside citations e.g. Varanasi, Kanpur and Patna. These metropolis ‘s have a population of 1000000s and have already see inundations during high monsoon season and it will be ongoing. Deluging will besides do break for the farming countries in northern parts of India and cause harm to the roads and rail manner line. The dikes such as the dike in Kosi autonomic nervous systems Sutlej could over flux doing more devastation to corn fields and colonies. When the point of no ice is reached by 2035 the ice thaw will hold either stopped because of a solution to climate alteration or be dried up because of the continued temperature lifting. If the ice does get down to understate the river will go weaker and drier during the monsoon oral cavities and summer. As the earths temperatures rises from about 14 grades C based in 2000 to a estimated 19 grades C in 2100 the undermentioned effects will be cause by the addition ; Agricultural, Household, Industrial, Environmental and wellness sea degrees will lift to an estimated 3.9 in to estimated 35 by 2100. Some parts of the coastal citations around India e.g. Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and other parts of the universe will be submerged. Even most of the island around India will be covered in H2O. The island of Lohachara is the first island in the universe to be covered in H2O due to climate alteration. The island is located on the southern border of the Ganges delta in the bay of Bengal. Its 10,000 occupants became the first refugees created because of clime alteration. There is a group of 27 island called Lakhadweep around the Arabian sea off the seashore of south Indian province Kraal. They have a population of about 61,000 people populating on them. The low prevarication islands are in immense danger of being covered in H2O every bit good. India is one of the universe biggest state that effects the nursery consequence. With the increased temperatures they will make a addition in precipitation. Rising the procedure of vaporization ensuing from warmer sea temperatures in the Indian ocean and Arabian Sea will increase that destroy procedure around the West Indian Rajasthan Desert Equally good as the H2O resources being shorten because of clime alteration there is besides another job and that is that normally boundary states sometime portion the same H2O resource. There is some indenture that there has been conflict over fresh water shared by two or more states. Freshwater is really of import to all the universes Humans activity, including the Agricultural, Household, Industrial and Environmental. But bad direction and the impact of clime alteration can take to tenseness ‘s between different states. For some old ages the counties such as India and Bangladesh have encountered struggle on river resources. It all started In 1993 when India and Bangladesh came under force per unit area when the Ganges River started to make its record depressions. Because the H2O degree was low it affected Bangladesh agricultural and killed most of its harvests. In October 1995, The Prime Minister of Bangladesh addressed the United Nations ( UN ) .The premier curate called Indiais portion of river H2O resources ia gross misdemeanor of human rights and justice.i Indiais constitution of the Farrakka Barrage which is a bombardment built near the boundary line of Bangladesh. The bombardment was build was to separate H2O for the Calcutta port. But Bangladesh says that because of this separation it has resulted in falling H2O tabular arraies and greater H2O resources for Bangladesh. India has a different position of the issue. Indian leaders says that Bangladesh was incorrect in depicting this issue. Bangladesh has asked India for a iminimum guaranteei understanding which will give Bangladesh a minimal flow of H2O. In 1996 India and Bangladesh agreed in the understanding so the iTreaty on the Sharing of the Waters of the Gangi was signed. Some political leader were unhappy about the understanding. But it was accepted my most political leaders. Since the pact Bangladesh continues to hold a figure of jobs. Some of the understandings that was agreed in the pact have non been met. How are we traveling to repair this job is the inquiry we need to inquire ourselfs I can see from my research that some attempts are being made to better direction in freshwater resources. Different organiseions have been developed to assist the mather of clime alteration for illustration, the United Nation ( UN ) have organised the first H2O conference to take topographic point in 1977 and developed an action program to take action on the improved direction and development of H2O resources and the UN designated 2003 as the international twelvemonth of freshwater resources. The mission of the organision is to increase consciousness of the importance of fresh water usage, direction and protection, provide an chance to alter the execution of the rules of incorporate H2O resources direction, utilize the twelvemonth as a platform for advancing bing activity and spearheading new enterprises in H2O resources at the international, regional and national degrees, and Launch the universe H2O d evelopment study at the 3rd universe H2O forum in Kyoto. The World Summit on Sustainable Development ( WSSD ) 2002 has emphasised on the development of an incorporate H2O resources direction and H2O efficiency plan.DEVELOPMENT ( 2003 ) . Global Water Partnership ( GWP ) Is a web of bureaus and intuitions to advance iintegrated H2O resource managementi in developing states. It facilitates the exchange of cognition, experience and practise related to H2O resources management.Partnership ‘s ( 2010 ) . World Water Council ( WWC ) is an international think-tank for H2O issues. It nonsubjective is to iincrease protagonism for improved H2O resources managementi . WWC has been organizing the World Water Forum ( WWF ) bi-annually. The 3rd Forum was held in Japan in March 2003.Council ( 2010 ) . European Water Association Act as a focal point for the exchange of information related to H2O and H2O activities.Association ( 2010 ) 3 Decision I can reason that because of clime alteration and the hydrological rhythm it is holding a little long term consequence on human H2O resources. I can see that it has close connexions with the hydrological rhythm. Because of this it will increases implosion therapy, create dry lands and brush struggle within states. More acceleration to the hydrological rhythm may ensue in more terrible conditions and utmost conditions.Anne E. Egger ( 2003 ) If we do n't turn to this issue there will be farther more jobs in the hereafter and lead to even more drouths and implosion therapy. Harmonizing to the Comprehensive Assessment Of Water Manage in Agriculture, one in three people are already facing H2O deficits ( 2007 ) . Almost one-fifth of the worldis population, live in countries of physical scarceness. Climate alteration has a close connexion between hydrological rhythm. Rising temperatures will increase the altering liquid to vapour and take to the additions in rainfall and snowfall. Because of this the overall supply of freshwater resources will increase, Droughts and inundations will go on more often and alterations in snowfall and snow thaw are expected in cragged countries more often. Reading about clime alteration has made me let go of that we take our fresh water for granted and do n't believe about what will go on if we lose the fresh water. Will we hold to present H2O charges maintain better H2O systems.

Producing Documents in a Business Environment Essays

Producing Documents in a Business Environment Essays Producing Documents in a Business Environment Paper Producing Documents in a Business Environment Paper There are in electronic format but can be printed out in hand-outs if needed. C Memo This is short note or reminder to someone else within the business. They can be printed out, although in most cases they are sent within email. L] Business Email Email is now taken over from Faxes to being the fastest way for businesses to communicate with each other. Businesses use this because no matter what is said it is still seen as legally binding, like a letter would. C Fax Are still very popular in the business industry. If you havent got the required document in electronic aroma, then the quickest way to send a document is by fax. They are then printed out at the other end automatically. 1. 2 Describe different formats In which text may be presented There are many different formats in which text may be presented, for example, paragraphs, tables, columns, bullet points and adding headers and footers. There are also many different things you change to make the text look different, for example, the font, adding headings, font size, effects (italic, underline, bold) and the color. You can always tell which format a document is in by looking at the last part f the full file name. For example, the file name example. Txt has the file extension . Txt, which tells us that it is a text file. These files can be created in multiple applications: [l Text files (. Txt) These are created by simple text editors like Notepad and include simple characters. You can save a word processed document in this format although you will lose any special characters and formatting that are included. Another option is through a scanner. A scanner takes a copy of the original comments and saves it on the computer as a JEEP or PDF image file. You cannot change the image file without having the appropriate software installed. Once the appropriate software is installed on the system you can then change the image file to an editable word processing file and vice versa. There is also specialist input devices available that has voice recognition. The user talks into a headset or dictation machine connected to the computer/ laptop which converts what you are saying in to the word processor. Voice recognition devices are especially helpful for visually impaired users and seers who have difficulty in controlling the mouse or typing. 3. 1 Explain the benefits of agreeing the purpose, content, style, and deadlines for producing documents When documents are written or prepared, there is always a purpose. Almost always there is a certain layout that should be followed dependent on the purpose and there most certainly be a deadline. Therefore all these aspects need to be taken into account and agreed with your manager/boss. Once agreed you will then know what type of document should be produced and when the document is required. By having this information you can then reduce the document to your manager/boss expectations without any errors. By having an agreement it reduces the time it takes for the document to be produced, as you have a clear indication of what is required. If no agreement was made then the chances are that you have to produce multiple documents beforehand and duplicate work that you have already done. 3. Outline different ways of organizing content needed for documents Before you start work on a document there are some fundamental questions that you should ask yourself: CLC Who is the document intended for, is it an individual, a group of specific people or for the general public? D What type of document is it, formal or informal? Once these are answered you then need to think about: L] The purpose of the document C] The content of the document C] The layout of the document C] How lon g should the document be How the finished document is organized and presented will depends on what the documents is to be used for. Therefore before being produced all the above point should be agreed with originator and updated regularly to make sure the finished document is fit for purpose. 3. Outline ways of integrating and laying out text and non-text Text and non- text can be easily integrated in most word processors. For example Microsoft Word allows you to insert pictures/clip art, tables and graphs. Word also gives you various options for you to lay it out in desired way, E. G Wrap text around, when placing an image in the document and you dont want a gap between the words and the picture. Microsoft also has other applications that you could use, for example Excel and Powering, which allows you to make spread sheets and slides. There are numerous ways of laying out a document. For example you could set it out in columns, use graph CICS, blocks of text, headings and change the background. Many businesses have a set format to how you should lay documents out so it incorporates their logo and color scheme. They also normally have a specific font and font size that they use. 3. Describe ways of checking finished documents for accuracy, including spelling, grammar and punctuation and correctness, and the purpose of doing so When you have finished the document you should review and check it thoroughly before making it available to the public or submitting it for assessment. It is always a good idea to get an available colleague to read through the document, because you dont always see your own mistakes in a document you have written. While composing a document you should alw ays make sure that your word processor has the spellchecker and grammar check options are turned on and set to the relevant language. With these options turned on the document is constantly being checked as it is being produced, with the option to check the whole document again when required. Although spellchecker are not totally correct, as if you type in a different word than the one required, it will not correct you. Therefore you still need to proof read all work. You need to check for accuracy and correctness as the document needs to be clear and easy to understand for the intended recipient. The documents are also a reflection of the business image therefore any mistakes sent to customers could make the business look unprofessional. . 5 Explain the purpose of storing documents safely and securely, and ways of doing so Any document that is stored whether minor or major importance needs to be stored securely and safely and following the business policies and procedures. There are various ways that documents can be stored, mainly digital storage and physical storage depending on the needs of the document in the future. Digital storage includes: on the business computer, flash drives and in secure external hard drives. Many businesses now back up their data automatically to external hard drives, whenever a change is made, to avoid loss Of work due to power cuts or computer crashes. Physical storage is normally in locked, fireproof filing/archiving cabinets. All documents that are stored have to abide by the Data Protection Act. 3. 6 Explain the purpose of confidentiality and data protection when preparing comments Confidentiality is very important to remember when in a business environment as in many cases the business deals with a lot of private data.